The planetary ionospheric storm index, Wp, is deduced from the numerical global ionospheric GPS-IONEX maps of the vertical total electron content, TEC, for more than half a solar cycle, 1999–2008.The TEC values are extracted from the 600 grid points of the map at latitudes 60° N to 60° S with a step of 5° and longitudes 0° to
Waterbody identification from satellite SUPER 5 PLUS LOZENGE images in an automated manner is one of the difficult tasks in the domain of Remote Sensing (RS).In recent years, several image processing approaches have been developed to process RGB or multispectral images to analyze the availability of land, water prediction, object detection, climate
Although steel reinforcements are used to withstand tensile forces in concrete, cracks are an unavoidable phenomenon.The presence of cracks, in fact, increases the risk for lowering the service life and durability of concrete structures.A critical issue occurs when due to splitting forces, cracks appear in concrete along the tensioned rebars which
Disasters are the uncertain calamities which within no time can change the situation quite drastically.They not only affect the system’s infrastructure but can also put an adverse effect on human life.A large chunk of the IP-based Internet MAT of Things (IoT) schemes tackle disasters such as fire, earthquake, and flood.Moreover, recently prop